Tuesday, December 11, 2012

Ino--Esperanto's unique usage of suffixes and prefixes

Esperanto uniquely uses the animate feminine ending (*seen in feminine): INO.

frato-fratino =brother and sister            hundo-hundino = dog and bitch

onklo-onklino = uncle and aunt          c'evalo-c'evalino= horse and mare

Esperanto becomes 10 times more consistent than English on this subject.

English uses the "ino or ina or ene" ending in numerous personal names and a few words to indicate gender.

In some cases it rhymes with the Esperanto "in" and in some case the esperanto "ajn".

Angelina (Angeline)
Alina
Antonina
Amina is probably a common Arab name meaning faithful from the same root as the religious Hebrew "Amen--believe". The letter n is part of a root.
Agustina
Augustina
Bettina
Bina, Beena (In hebrew it means "understanding".)
Carolina
Catalina (Also a well-known island of the Los Angeles.)
Dina
Georgina
Gina or Geena (perhaps the feminine of Gene)
The arabic word for gardens in Jenin and is a city. (in is the plural).  Gina is a small garden in Hebrew. Are they girl names?
Remember a t.v show "I dream of Jeannie"? Interestingly Jeannie didn't speak English in the first episode: http://www.hulu.com/watch/149105#i0,p0,d0   Jeannie might not be of major relevance to ino...but she was Barbara Eden/Jeannie was a sex symbol.
Ina
Inna (a  successful Romanian singer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9V_V96RKAMw ) That spelling is also known in Armenia.
Irene/Irena
Justine (but in contradiction, the male name end in in: Justin Bieber is a popular guy.)
Katrina (became famous because of a destructive hurricane)
I visited a large Russian city, Jekaterinburg, I suppose from a German-Russian name Jekaterina, name of a queen. )
Lena
Marlene
Marina (somewhat popular in Russia)
Martina which is probably the feminine of Martin...already with "in".
Maureen
Melina Mercouri was a famous Greek singer.
Mina or Meena
Natalina receive an award:
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10201559563649475&set=a.1091951577538.15072.1188987181&type=1&theater
Nina
Nicolina
Norine, Noreen
Paulina (Pauline)
Philhemina
I have a friend who spells Rina as Reena.
Regina
Sabina
Sabrina  (Wasn't she a character in a popular t.v. show?)
Sarina

Tina
Trina  (There is a mail name Trini)

Wilhelmina


Arline
Albertine
Caroline
Celestine, female name and adjective? Celestine Knowles
Claudine
Clementine and a fruit of the same name. A song with that name: My Darling Clementine
Darline (could in be the feminine of Daryl?)
Doreen, Dorina
Eveline = Evelyn
Francine perhaps a feminine for for Frank?  Note that in English there are the names Frances and Francis, one for a man, one for a woman, pronounced the same way. I'll never remember... which is which?
Janine
Jasmin, Yasmin, Jasmine, Yamine (From the arabic)
Jacqueline = Jacquelyn
Josephine/Josefina
My uncle was Max so I should have remembered Maxine earlier.
Maybelline is a major make-up/cosmetics company, clearly destined for women. www.maybelline.com
Nadine 
Pascaline of the Kinshasa, The Congo recently went to Vietnam World Esperanto event:
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151131359038964&set=a.10151084771763964.439261.670528963&type=1&theater&notif_t=like

Charlene
Catherine = Katherine
Elin (Swedish, Tiger Woods former wife)
Kaitlin
Kerstin
Kristin, Kristine, Christine
Ernestine
Francine
Geraldine
Kathline/Kathleen

Pauline
Racheline Maltese lecture at the UN, Dec. 12, 2013 One parent was an artist and wanted a unique name.

One day in May 2013 I met a Slovakian named Pavlina, related naturally to Paulina. 
Celine-Selina

A few words that come with the ending "in" to indicate gender are
1. heroine
2.*feminine (ironically "masculine' ends similarly to "fem-in-ine" but  perhaps the first of two "in's" means women and the second means adjective or the versa-versa)
3.swine (from sow)
4.ballerina
I heard a women activist, March 2013, whose name is Zerlina.

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ino

This was new to me. I've heard of a yoga teacher or yogi, but today,  2-18-13,  I heard yogini.

Ino is used in some language in chemical endings also.  A sharp restauranteur shortened CAFFEINE (SPANISH CAFEINO) to  Cafe 'INO' http://www.cafeino.com/ or perhaps a mixture of caffeine and cucina (cooks in latin languages).

Derek Roff mentioned a few including: Fermin, Fermina which I'm less familiar with.

English is not regular so IN is more likely to be an adjective ending than a sex indicator. The literary adjective for "related to a dog" is CANINE and the literary adjective for "related to a  cat"  is
FELINE. INE is just an adjective ending and not a sex indicator here. Those words are sex-neutral.
A similar ending EN is used for two animals: ChickEN and KitTEN but they mean the opposite of eachother. ChickEN is an adult animal (remove EN to get the diminuitive/child) while KitTEN is the baby (so is Kitty) while the root is CAT.

Popular in Spanish: Bettina: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bettina

At least one famous native female Esperanto speaker was named INO.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ino_Kolbe

I am wonder about a possibel pluran form of "in" in latin languages: Ines. 

Another ending often indicating FEMALE in English is ETTE.
I just found a lady with the name INETTE. So double woman, ha-ha.
Idina Mezel's name could be two Esperanto words: Offspring (ido) and Ino,(woman) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idina_Menzel

In Literature
Thumbelina by Han Christian Anderson






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I have lived 16 years in other countries, notably, Israel and Brazil, among another 30 countries.